CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE EARTH'S MANTLE: A MECHANISM
FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT?
CHRISTOPH BLUTH
The first to postulate the existence of convection currents underneath
the earth's crust - and hence to formulate some of the basic ideas still
used to explain the mechanism of continental drift - was the geologist
Otto Ampferer. He saw convection currents mainly as a mechanism for
mountain building. The first to formulate continental drift in terms
of convection currents was Arthur Holmes. The concept was later expanded
into the sea-floor-spreading hypothesis by Hess, Dietz, Wilson and others,
and still the most widely used model to explain continental drift.
A DILUVIOLOGICAL TREATISE ON THE STRATIGRAPHIC SEPARATION
OF FOSSILS
JOHN WOODMORAPPE
Calculations performed on the stratigraphic separational tendencies
of fossil families show that one-third of them span 3 or more geologic
periods. Also, geologic periods with 4 intervening periods between them
still show double-digit percentages of familial faunal similarity. A
total of over 9500 global occurrences of major index fossils have been
plotted on 34 world maps for the purpose of determining superpositional
tendencies. 479 juxtapositional determinations have shown that only
small percentages of index fossils are juxtaposed one with another.
Very rarely are more than one-third (and never more than half) of all
34 index fossils simultaneously present in any 200 mile (320 kilometer)
diameter region on earth. Flood mechanisms (pure chance, selective preservation,
differential escape and hydrodynamic selectivity, and ecological zonation)
are evaluated. Independent evidence is presented to demonstrate that
Phanerozoic fossils were deposited under tectonically-differentiated
conditions, thus justifying the concept of TABs (Tectonically-Associated
Biological Provinces) as the main cause of biostratigraphic differentiation.
The TAB concept is placed in an integrated study of fossil separation,
and it is shown that it explains extinction trends relative to the extant
biosphere. The (near) absence of pre-latest-Phanerozoic human remains
is explained through low antediluvian population (primarily); preservation
factors are also scrutinized.
THE SYSTEMS OF NATURE
COLIN BROWN
One of the features of the system of nature which we see as we look
around us is predation, carnivorous animals preying on others. But most
Creationists believe that it was not always thus; until after the fall,
and possibly until after the Flood, all animals, and man, lived on vegetables.