ABSTRACTS
TREES INDICATE RECENT ORIGIN OF YOSEMITE VALLEY
WALTER E. LAMMERTS
The trees in Yosemite Valley are about 300 years old. Nobody claims, of course, that Yosemite Valley is that young. Yet the evidence from trees, and other evidence, shows that Yosemite Valley is much younger than sometimes stated. While the formation is often ascribed to glacial action, it seems likely that it, like many other features of the Earth's surface, may have been caused by the violent erosion which happened at the end of the Flood, in conjunction, perhaps, with earthquakes.
EFFECT OF RADIATION PRESSURE ON MICROMETEOROIDS, AND EXISTENCE OF MICROMETEOROIDS AS EVIDENCE FOR A YOUNG SOLAR SYSTEM
RONALD G. SAMEC
Micrometeoroids are microscopic particles of dust, which exist in abundance in the solar system, in interplanetary space. The very existence of this dust, it is shown, provides evidence that the system is young, because the dust is being removed much more quickly than it could be replenished. Were the system as old as uniformitarians claim, the dust would have been all gone long ago
EARTH'S MAGNETIC ENERGY PROVIDES CONFIRMATION OF ITS YOUNG AGE
THOMAS G. BARNES
In previous papers the author applied Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and 130 years of real-time data to a proposed model of the earth's main magnet. The magnetic field was shown to be decaying exponentially with a half-life of only 1,400 years. This fact puts a severe limitation on the age of the earth. The present value of the power loss from the magnet was evaluated at 813 megawatts. This new paper employs those results to compute the total energy which will be lost during the remaining life of the magnet. Because there is no other source of energy, this is an indirect means of computing the total amount of energy in the earth's present magnetic field. If this theory is valid, an overall check can now be made on the theory by getting an independent evaluation of the total energy in the magnetic field of an idealized "equivalent" magnet. This equivalent magnet, being permanent, does not involve the decay, conductivity, heat loss, etc., associated with the computation about the real magnet. Such a check has been achieved in this paper. This provides an unyielding veriftation of the decay properties of the earths field, and of the implications of these facts for the age of the earth.
THE QUEEN OF SCIENCE EXAMINES THE KING OF FOOLS
DAVID J. RODABAUGH
The treatment in this article is mathematical and the purpose is to demonstrate the following: (1) That evolution is so improbable as to be scientifically impossible; (2) That to extrapolate from present data to the remote past (four billion years ago) is impossible because the error term is too large; (3) That a careful analysis of population growth shows the creation model to be reasonable, but the evolution model is absurd. This last point is proved by using facts of Jewish history as the control. The creation model and the evolution model are then compared with the figures gathered from Jewish history. Two different population growth equations are analyzed in this fashion.
THE YOUNG EARTH
HENRY M. MORRIS
It is shown that the claims for a great age of the Earth, seen so often in uniformitarian literature, are obtained by selecting arbitrarily certain processes by which to attempt to judge the age of the Earth, and ignoring others which have, a priori, as great a likelihood of being reliable. As a matter of fact, most of the possible ways of estimating the age of the Earth give results much less than those demanded by uniformitarian theorists. Of 74 possible ways of determining the age of the Earth considered here, about one-third give results of no more than 10,000 years. Even these results, in many cases, are upper limits; moreover the nature of the process involved is often such that the results are inherently likely to give too great an age.
METEORITIC EVIDENCE FOR A YOUNG EARTH
PETER A. STEVESON
It is shown that meteorites, or things connected with them, provide three distinct kinds of evidence for a young Earth. First, no great amount of meteoritic dust or nickel, is found in the Earth's crust. Secondly, meteorites are not found buried in the rocks which are alleged to be old by the uniformitarian theorists. Moreover, all the meteoritic craters, found here and there on the Earth, seem to be quite young.
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF POTHOLES
DOUGLAS E. COX
Since potholes are generally considered to have been formed by erosion over long ages of time, the rocks in which they occur would also seem to be of great age. Some geologic interpretations account for these topmost rocks as deposits formed during the Biblical flood. The presence of potholes poses a problem for these interpretations. The details of the uniformitarian theory of the formation of potholes are examined, and contrasted with the well-known characteristics of potholes. It is evident that the uniformitarian theory of pothole erosion falls short of accounting for the phenomenon of potholes in many ways. Potholes therefore cannot be regarded as evidence for a great age of the rocks in which they occur.
THE THEOLOGICAL NECESSITY OF A YOUNG UNIVERSE
T. ROBERT INGRAM
It is shown that sound Christian theology requires belief in a young universe. For, to suppose a Creation untold ages ago is really to dismiss the notion of Creation, as a serious matter; and to do that, in turn, is to play down, and eventually ignore or deny, the difference between the Creator and His Creation. Thus doctrines which, for euphemism, may be called progressive creation, for instance, but which, in everything which matters, are really a form of evolution, are almost certain to lead into some vague deism, and thence into either agnosticism or pantheism.
A DECADE OF CREATIONIST RESEARCH
DUANE T. GISH
The primary purpose of the Creation Research Society is to carry out, or to encourage, Creationist research in the natural sciences, and to publish the results of such research. By Creationist research is meant research which proceeds from a belief in, and attempts to correlate with, special Creation. It is shown that, in about the last ten years, a significant amount of research has been accomplished. It has been done, moreover, at very little expense, and, as far as is known, with no expenditure whatever of public money. While reference is made especially to the Creation Research Society, it is known that good work has been done outside the Society. No claim is made that this list of research is complete. It is probably impossible to list everything which has been done; and some work is not included mainly because it was difficult to fit it under any particular heading. It is clear, from what is reported here, that Creationist research is a worthwhile activity. There is, of course, much more to be done; and it is hoped that many more people who are able to do research will come forward.
FULL ARTICLE PART I FULL ARTICLE PART II
CONDUCTING VESSELS IN PLANTS: PROBLEMS FOR EVOLUTIONISTS AND CREATIONISTS
GEORGE F. HOWE
Most land plants have, as one complex feature among others, a conducting system. It would be inappropriate to call such a system a circulatory system, in analogy to that of many animals; for one reason, plants do not have circulation, but transportation one way. The conducting system in plants consists of tubes in the xylem and phloem which are formed during growth by special development of certain cells. All attempts to explain how such features could have "evolved' have been unsuccessful; it is much more reasonable to believe that the various kinds of plants were created as functioning entities, with many special features.
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN REPTILES, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS
E. NORBERT SMITH
Homeothermic birds and mammals maintain a constant body temperature by behavioral and physiological adjustments. The latter includes changes in heat production, blood flow, and evaporative water loss. Poikilothermic reptiles also maintain a stable body temperature (often higher than that of mammals) when environmental conditions allow, by using behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Both modes of life have advantages and disadvantages. Neither poikilothermism nor homeothermism is unquestionably advantageous under all conditions; therefore, neither group of animals is indisputably better suited for survival than the other. God created all animals equally fit to live in their respecitve niches.
EVIDENCE OF TELEOLOGY IN BOTANY:
DIFFERENTIATION IN THE VASCULAR CAMBIUM INTO XYLEM AND PHLOEM
JOHN E. THOMPSON
It is the purpose of this paper to examine the process by which ordinary cells differentiate from uniform cambium cells into xylem and phloem. It can be said that while the complexity of this process does not, perhaps, completely prove teleology, yet no "evolutionary" explanation is really adequate.
CONVERSION OF CODONS INTO ANALOGOUS CONFORMERS, AND ASSEMBLY OF CONFORMERS INTO POLYPEPTIDES
LOYD Y. QUINN
This article is a supplement to "Evidence for the Existence of an Intelligible Genetic Code," in the previous issue of the Quarterly, as was proposed in that article. More information on the constructions mentioned in the first article are provided for those who may want to assemble the models described.